Queue
628 cases were harvested and are backed by a real paper, but they fail the test the index publishes on. Each one is listed here with the reason, so the exclusion can be checked rather than trusted.
| Paper | Year | Cited | Why it is held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection in Turf: A Review | 2022 | 35 | not a result This is a review article summarizing prior research on DCNN-based weed detection, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “The present review article summarizes the previous research findings using DCNNs as the machine vision decision system of smart sprayers for precision...” |
| Deep Learning for Skin Melanocytic Tumors in Whole-Slide Images: A Systemati... | 2022 | 33 | not a result This is a systematic review synthesizing 28 previously published studies rather than producing a new primary result, and the AI models discussed are the subject of the review, not the paper's own contribution. “This study aims to analyze all previously published studies on whole-slide images of melanocytic tumors that rely on deep learning techniques for auto...” |
| q2-sample-classifier: machine-learning tools for microbiome classification a... | 2018 | 32 | not a result The paper is a software plugin description plus a benchmark comparison of existing scikit-learn methods on microbiome data, i.e., a toolkit that enables work rather than an AI-produced primary result. “Here we present a benchmark comparison of supervised learning classifiers and regressors implemented in scikit-learn, a Python-based machine-learning...” |
| A Review of Deep Learning Advancements in Road Analysis for Autonomous Drivi... | 2024 | 32 | not a result This is a survey/review paper that only summarizes existing deep learning methods for road damage detection and surface classification, producing no primary result of its own. “The main finding of this work is that it offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art” |
| BioCoder: a benchmark for bioinformatics code generation with large language... | 2024 | 30 | not a result This is a benchmark/dataset paper whose contribution is an evaluation suite that re-runs existing LLMs on code-generation tests, not a primary scientific result solved by an AI system. “We present BioCoder, a benchmark developed to evaluate LLMs in generating bioinformatics-specific code.” |
| A Review of Large Language Models for Automated Test Case Generation | 2025 | 29 | not a result This is a literature review surveying existing studies on LLM-based test case generation, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This provides a state-of-the-art review of LLM-based test case generation, emphasizing the potential of LLMs to improve automated testing while identi...” |
| Prediction of pasture yield using machine learning-based optical sensing: a... | 2023 | 29 | not a result This is a systematic review/survey of ML-based pasture yield prediction studies, not a primary result produced by an AI system. “Therefore, this review examines the adoption of ML-based optical sensing for predicting the biomass yield of managed grasslands.” |
| Credit Card Default Prediction: An Empirical Analysis on Predictive Performa... | 2025 | 25 | not a result The paper is a comparative benchmark that re-runs six existing standard methods (LDA, LR, SVM, XGBoost, RF, DNN) on an existing public dataset (UCI Taiwan credit card data), producing only comparative metrics rather than any new solved result or capability. “This article compares the predictive capabilities of six models, namely, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), logistic regression (LR), support vector...” |
| Cross-modality transformations in biological microscopy enabled by deep lear... | 2024 | 23 | not a result The abstract explicitly describes a review/structured overview consolidating existing research on cross-modality transformations, with no new primary result produced by an AI system. “we present a structured overview of cross-modality transformations, encompassing applications, data sets, and implementations, aimed at unifying this...” |
| Transforming Surgical Training With AI Techniques for Training, Assessment,... | 2025 | 22 | not a result This is a scoping review that synthesizes 56 existing studies rather than presenting a primary result where an AI system solved a problem itself. “This scoping review examines the integration of AI in surgical training, assessment, and evaluation, aiming to determine how AI technologies can enhan...” |
| Deep learning classification method for boar sperm morphology analysis | 2024 | 20 | not a result The abstract contains only background motivation about the lack of morphology analysis methods, reporting no model, results, or findings from the deep learning approach. “few exist for analyzing morphology outside of subjective manual counting” |
| A Survey of Incremental Deep Learning for Defect Detection in Manufacturing | 2024 | 20 | not a result The paper is a survey/review of incremental learning literature for defect detection, presenting no primary result of its own. “This paper reviews how new process, training or validation information is rigorously incorporated in real time when detection exceptions arise during...” |
| Virtual sample generation in machine learning assisted materials design and... | 2023 | 20 | not a result This is a review paper summarizing existing virtual sample generation algorithms and methods, with no new primary result produced. “This review aims to discuss the applications of VSG techniques in machine learning-assisted materials design and discovery based on the research progr...” |
| <scp>GeoAnalystBench</scp> : A <scp>... | 2025 | 16 | not a result This is a benchmark/evaluation-framework paper whose contribution is the assessment instrument and findings about model limitations, not an AI system that solved geospatial analysis tasks; the abstract itself calls for evaluation 'before making claims about full GIS automation' and positions the work as a reproducible framework enabling future research. “we present GeoAnalystBench, a benchmark of 50 Python‐based tasks derived from real‐world geospatial problems and validated by GIS experts” |
| Usage of Large Language Model for Code Generation Tasks: A Review | 2025 | 15 | not a result This is a literature review surveying 66 papers on LLM-based code generation, not a primary result produced by an AI system. “Using the PRISMA methodology, we reviewed 66 papers published between 2021 and 2023.” |
| COFFE: A Code Efficiency Benchmark for Code Generation | 2025 | 14 | not a result This is a benchmark/dataset paper whose contribution is an evaluation framework and findings from testing existing LLMs, not an AI system solving a primary problem. “we propose COFFE, a code generation benchmark for evaluating the time efficiency of LLM-generated code solutions” |
| Machine Learning-Assisted Polymer and Polymer Composite Design for Additive... | 2026 | 13 | not a result The abstract explicitly describes a review/survey of ML applications in polymer design for additive manufacturing, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This review explores how machine learning (ML) is being used to address these challenges.” |
| Ontology Completion with Graph-Based Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Evalu... | 2022 | 10 | not a result The paper's contribution is a systematic benchmark evaluation of thirteen existing link-analysis methods on eight existing ontologies, not an AI system solving ontology completion as its primary result. “To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the most extensive systematic study of the applicability of different types of link analysis methods a...” |
| Machine learning approaches in microbiome research: challenges and best prac... | 2023 | 137 | not a result The paper's primary contribution is a set of best-practice recommendations supported by benchmarking existing methods on existing data, not a new result produced by an AI system. “To assist decision-making, we offer a set of recommendations on algorithm selection, pipeline creation and evaluation, stemming from the COST Action M...” |
| Visualization of Neural Network Predictions for Weather Forecasting | 2018 | 28 | not a result The paper's contribution is an interactive visualization tool for inspecting neural network outputs and tuning hyper-parameters, i.e., a framework that enables analysis rather than a primary result the AI produced. “we design a comprehensive and interactive system that allows users to study the output of recurrent neural networks on both the complete training data...” |
| Impact of non-normal error distributions on the benchmarking and ranking of... | 2020 | 26 | not a result The paper's contribution is a methodological commentary on benchmarking practice, re-running an existing model (KRR-SLATM-L2) on an existing dataset (QM7b) to critique the MAE metric, with no new problem solved by the AI itself. “This article illustrates the limitations of using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for benchmarking” |
| A large-scale optical microscopy image dataset of potato tuber for deep lear... | 2020 | 25 | not a result This is a dataset description paper whose contribution is the annotated image collection itself; the CNN and UNet results only serve to validate annotation quality, not to solve a primary problem. “We present a new large-scale three-fold annotated microscopy image dataset, aiming to advance the plant cell biology research” |
| Benchmarking deep learning models for surface defect detection: a reproducib... | 2025 | 13 | not a result The paper's contribution is a statistical benchmarking methodology that re-runs existing object detection models on an existing dataset, rather than an AI system producing a primary result. “The proposed methodology provides a reliable and reproducible framework for comparing results across models.” |