SolvedByAI

Queue

628 cases were harvested and are backed by a real paper, but they fail the test the index publishes on. Each one is listed here with the reason, so the exclusion can be checked rather than trusted.

All 628 assisted 358 not a result 183 unsupported 87
Paper Year Cited Why it is held
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Ultra-Fast Superresolution MRI Investigative Radiology 2022 81 not a result The abstract explicitly states this is a review article covering concepts, commercial solutions, and future directions rather than presenting a primary AI-produced result. “In this article, we review basic concepts of deep learning–based acquisition and image reconstruction techniques for accelerating and improving the qu...”
Cardiovascular complications in a diabetes prediction model using machine le... Cardiovascular Diabetology 2023 80 not a result This is a systematic review/survey of existing ML prediction models for CVD in T2DM patients, assessing others' work via PROBAST and TRIPOD rather than producing a new AI-driven result. “This review is to investigate the current development of prediction model for the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among type 2 diabetes (T2DM) pa...”
Multi-omics approaches to studying gastrointestinal microbiome in the contex... Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences 2024 77 not a result The abstract explicitly describes itself as a mini-review surveying existing multi-omics and machine learning approaches to the gut microbiome, with no primary result produced by any AI system. “In this mini-review, our primary focus is metagenomics”
LLM-assisted systematic review of large language models in clinical medicine Nature Medicine 2026 67 not a result This is a systematic review/survey synthesizing existing literature, a category that fails regardless of how much AI was used in the curation workflow. “This LLM-assisted review identified 4,609 peer-reviewed studies in clinical medicine between January 2022 and September 2025”
Antibody design using deep learning: from sequence and structure design to a... Briefings in Bioinformatics 2024 50 not a result The abstract explicitly identifies the paper as a survey reviewing existing advancements in deep learning for antibody design, with no primary result of its own. “This survey highlights significant advancements in protein design and optimization, specifically focusing on antibodies.”
Evaluating clinical AI summaries with large language models as judges npj Digital Medicine 2025 47 not a result the paper is a study ("evaluating…"): it measures or reviews work rather than producing a result for an AI to have solved
Deep learning in macroscopic diffuse optical imaging Journal of Biomedical Optics 2022 45 not a result This is a review/survey paper summarizing prior deep learning work in diffuse optical imaging, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “We aim to comprehensively review the use of DL applied to macroscopic diffuse optical imaging (DOI).”
Machine Learning to Predict Enzyme–Substrate Interactions in Elucidation of... Metabolites 2024 45 not a result This is a review paper surveying AI-based approaches to enzyme, substrate interaction prediction, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This article analyzes these artificial intelligence-based approaches, presenting their common structure, advantages, disadvantages, limitations, chall...”
A Survey of Automatic Speech Recognition for Dysarthric Speech Electronics 2023 43 not a result This is a scoping review/survey of prior ASR research for dysarthric speech, not a primary result produced by an AI system. “Our research aims to provide a scoping review of ASR for dysarthric speech, covering papers in this field from 1990 to 2022.”
mAML: an automated machine learning pipeline with a microbiome repository fo... Database 2020 38 not a result This is a toolkit and database description paper presenting an AutoML pipeline and a microbiome repository that enable future work rather than solving a specific scientific problem, with benchmark performance only demonstrating the tool's functionality. “The mAML pipeline and the GMrepo ML repository are expected to be important resources for researches in microbiology and algorithm developments.”
Surgical instrument detection and tracking technologies: Automating dataset... Frontiers in Robotics and AI 2022 38 not a result The abstract explicitly describes a review/overview of existing detection and tracking technologies rather than presenting a new AI-produced result. “This review encapsulates the current trends in artificial intelligence (AI) based visual detection and tracking technologies for surgical instruments...”
Artificial intelligence in knee osteoarthritis: A comprehensive review for 2... Osteoarthritis Imaging 2023 34 not a result This is a literature review surveying existing 2022 publications on AI for knee osteoarthritis, with no primary AI-produced result of its own. “The aim of this literature review is to yield a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of the existing evidence and up-to-date applications of artifici...”
Fluorescence microscopy datasets for training deep neural networks GigaScience 2021 32 not a result The paper's contribution is a dataset resource for others to train deep learning models, not any AI-produced result or solved task. “We provide high quality data sets which can be used to train and evaluate deep learning methods under development.”
It takes guts to learn: machine learning techniques for disease detection fr... Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 2021 30 not a result This is a review/survey of existing machine learning methods for microbiome-based disease classification, offering perspectives rather than producing a new result. “Here, we review current ML methods designed for disease classification from microbiome data.”
Enhancing Radiologist Productivity with Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic... Diagnostics 2025 30 not a result This is a narrative review synthesizing 67 existing studies on AI in MRI workflows, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This review addresses that gap by synthesizing evidence on how AI can shorten scanning and reading times, optimize worklist triage, and automate segme...”
Cataract-1K Dataset for Deep-Learning-Assisted Analysis of Cataract Surgery... Scientific Data 2024 30 not a result This is a dataset description paper whose primary contribution is the dataset and annotations themselves, with benchmarks that merely re-run existing state-of-the-art architectures to validate annotation quality. “we present the largest cataract surgery video dataset that addresses diverse requisites for constructing computerized surgical workflow analysis”
Machine learning in predicting outcomes for stroke patients following rehabi... PLoS ONE 2023 27 not a result This is a systematic review summarizing and critiquing existing ML prediction models rather than producing any new AI-driven result itself. “This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the CHARMS checklist.”
Deep learning in fluorescence imaging and analysis Journal of intelligent medicine 2024 24 not a result The abstract explicitly describes a review article surveying deep learning applications in fluorescence imaging, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This article reviews the latest advances in the application of DL to FI methodologies and their subsequent impact on biology and biomedicine.”
The integration of machine learning into automated test generation: A system... Software Testing Verification and Reliability 2023 24 not a result This is a systematic mapping study (a survey) characterizing 124 existing publications rather than producing a primary result, and its stated contribution is a roadmap for researchers. “We perform a systematic mapping study on a sample of 124 publications.”
Clinical Large Language Model Evaluation by Expert Review (CLEVER): Framewor... JMIR AI 2025 23 not a result The paper's contribution is an evaluation framework/methodology in which human doctors judge LLM outputs, the AI systems are test subjects, not agents that solved a task. “we propose CLEVER (Clinical Large Language Model Evaluation–Expert Review), a methodology for blind, randomized, preference-based evaluation by practi...”
Deep reinforcement learning for real-world quadrupedal locomotion: a compreh... Intelligence & Robotics 2022 19 not a result This is a survey/review article that summarizes existing DRL literature on quadrupedal locomotion rather than presenting a primary result produced by an AI system. “In this review article, we systematically organize and summarize relevant important literature, covering DRL algorithms from problem setting to advanc...”
A bilingual benchmark for evaluating large language models PeerJ Computer Science 2024 11 not a result The paper's contribution is a new benchmark and evaluation dataset for assessing existing LLMs (ChatGPT, GPT-4, fastText) rather than an AI system producing a primary result; the models are the objects of evaluation, not agents solving a problem. “This work introduces a new benchmark for the bilingual evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in English and Arabic.”
Deep learning–based approaches for weed detection in crops Frontiers in Plant Science 2026 11 not a result The abstract explicitly describes a review synthesizing existing deep learning weed-detection approaches, with no new primary result produced by an AI system. “This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of recent progress in deep learning-based weed detection”
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Deep learning enables rapid identificatio... Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature 2019 not a result the record is "faculty opinions recommendation", so it is a note about another work rather than a primary result: there is nothing here for an AI to have solved “We used GENTRL to discover potent inhibitors of discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1)... in 21 days. Four compounds were active in biochemical assays, an...”
Multimodal deep learning for biomedical data fusion: a review Briefings in Bioinformatics 2021 750 not a result This is a survey/review proposing a taxonomy of existing methods rather than reporting a primary result produced by an AI system. “we review the current state-of-the-art of such methods and propose a detailed taxonomy that facilitates more informed choices of fusion strategies for...”
Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science? Computational Linguistics 2023 559 not a result The paper's contribution is a road map, prompting best practices, and a benchmark evaluation re-running 13 LLMs on 25 existing CSS benchmarks, not an AI system solving a primary research problem. “This work provides a road map for using LLMs as CSS tools. Towards this end, we contribute a set of prompting best practices and an extensive evaluati...”
A Framework for Effective Application of Machine Learning to Microbiome-Base... mBio 2020 265 not a result The paper's contribution is a reusable pipeline and methodological recommendations for how researchers should apply ML to microbiome data, with standard off-the-shelf models benchmarked on an existing classification task as a demonstration rather than an AI-solved problem. “This work represents a step toward developing more-reproducible ML practices in applying ML to microbiome research. We implement a rigorous pipeline a...”
Object Detection and Image Segmentation with Deep Learning on Earth Observat... Remote Sensing 2020 177 not a result This is a literature review surveying 429 existing studies rather than presenting a primary research result produced by an AI system. “In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of deep learning on EO applications by reviewing 429 studies on image segmentation a...”
Comprehensive evaluation of deep learning architectures for prediction of DN... Bioinformatics 2019 153 not a result This is a benchmark/comparison study that re-evaluates existing deep learning architectures on an existing prediction task and produces guidelines and a toolkit, rather than an AI system solving a new problem. “its fully automatic model selection procedure allows us to perform a fair and unbiased comparison of deep learning architectures... Our work provides...”
An evaluation of platforms for processing camera‐trap data using artificial... Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2022 133 not a result This is a review and comparative evaluation of existing AI platforms plus a guidance GitBook, not a paper whose primary result is an AI system solving a task. “By reviewing features of popular AI-powered platforms and sharing an open-source GitBook that illustrates how to manage AI output to evaluate model pe...”
Innovations in Camera Trapping Technology and Approaches: The Integration of... Animals 2020 110 not a result This is a review/commentary proposing future integration of citizen science and AI for camera trap classification, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “We propose, as a solution, more efforts to combine citizen science with AI to improve classification accuracy and efficiency while maintaining public...”
Imaging in focus: An introduction to denoising bioimages in the era of deep... The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 2021 82 not a result This is a review/survey introducing deep-learning denoising methods for microscopy, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “In this review, we first describe the different types of noise that typically corrupt fluorescence microscopy images and introduce the denoising task.”
neu Print: Analysis Tools for EM Connectomics bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) 2020 66 not a result The paper introduces a database and analysis toolkit for connectome data rather than reporting a primary scientific result produced by an AI system; its contribution is enabling infrastructure demonstrated only via example queries. “We introduce neuPrint to address these data analysis challenges. neuPrint is a database and analysis ecosystem that organizes connectome data in a man...”
Deep Learning-Based Weed Detection Using UAV Images: A Comparative Study Drones 2023 65 not a result The paper's contribution is a comparative benchmark re-running established segmentation models (SegNet, UNet, DeepLabV3+ with standard backbones) on a dataset to recommend a model, not a new AI-produced result or capability. “we perform a comparative study of cutting-edge AI deep learning-based segmentation models for weed detection using an RGB image dataset acquired with...”
The Framing of machine learning risk prediction models illustrated by evalua... npj Digital Medicine 2021 61 not a result The paper's contribution is methodological guidance on problem framing concepts, using a sepsis model only as an illustrative example to show framing effects on evaluation, not as a system that solved a clinical prediction task. “it is important to assess the results of objective evaluations within the context of more subjective evaluations of how a model is framed”
Simulated Design–Build–Test–Learn Cycles for Consistent Comparison of Machin... ACS Synthetic Biology 2023 54 not a result The paper's contribution is a simulation/benchmarking framework for comparing ML methods in DBTL cycles, not an AI-produced solution to an actual metabolic engineering problem. “we propose a mechanistic kinetic model-based framework to test and optimize machine learning for iterative combinatorial pathway optimization”
Evaluation Framework of Large Language Models in Medical Documentation: Deve... Journal of Medical Internet Research 2024 52 not a result The paper's contribution is a human-developed evaluation framework for judging LLM-generated records, a methodological toolkit that enables future work, while the LLM serves only as the object being assessed (and found error-prone), not an agent that solved any problem. “This study aimed to develop and validate an evaluation framework for assessing the accuracy and clinical applicability of LLM-generated emergency depa...”
Machine learning for faster and smarter fluorescence lifetime imaging micros... Journal of Physics Photonics 2020 51 not a result The abstract explicitly describes a topical review summarizing ML methods for FLIM rather than presenting a primary result where an AI system solved a problem. “In this topical review, we first discuss the basics of FILM and ML.”
Trends in forensic microbiology: From classical methods to deep learning Frontiers in Microbiology 2023 45 not a result The abstract explicitly identifies the paper as a review summarizing existing applications of forensic microbiology and ML/DL methods, with no primary result produced by an AI system. “This review summarizes the application and development of forensic microbiology, as well as the research progress of machine learning (ML) and deep le...”
MR Images, Brain Lesions, and Deep Learning Applied Sciences 2021 36 not a result This is a literature review/survey of existing deep learning methods for brain lesion segmentation, not a primary result produced by an AI system. “In the present work, we review the published literature on systems and algorithms that allow for classification, identification, and detection of whit...”